Watts v. Watts
137 Wis.2d 506, 405 N.W.2d 303 (1987)
Sue Ann and James lived
together for twelve years in an unmarried relationship. They even had two
children together.
The two told people they
were married. She took his name, they filed joint tax returns, and
signed contract with third parties claiming to be married.
Sue Ann also worked at
James' business, thereby enriching him.
They broke up, and Sue Ann
sued for support.
Most of their assets were in
James' name.
The Trial Court found for
James in summary judgment. Sue Ann appealed.
The Trial Court found that
there was not a valid marriage, therefore Sue Ann was not entitled to
anything.
The Wisconsin Supreme Court
reversed.
Wisconsin Supreme Court
found that there was enough to state a claim for an accounting of the
property acquired during the parties' relationship and partition of those
assets.
Sue Ann argued that they met
the definition of 'family' under Wisconsin State law. However, the
Wisconsin Supreme Court found that the law was never intended to cover
unmarried cohabitants. Therefore she didn't qualify.
The Court looked to the
purpose and legislative history and found that the laws were designed to
protect marriage, not to protect the interests of unmarried couples.
Sue Ann argued that Robert
was not allowed to now claim they were unmarried because he had
previously claimed that they were. However, the Court was not willing to
accept the doctrine of "marriage by estoppel."
Sue Ann argued (and the
Court agreed) that even if they weren't married, they had an implied
contract to share their stuff.
Robert argued that
enforcing non-marital contracts would contravene public policy (see Hewitt
v. Hewitt (77 Ill.2d 49 (1979)),
but the Court here disagreed with that Illinois Supreme Court decision.
Sue Ann argued that Robert
was unjustly enriched at her expense. The Court found that unjust
enrichment was a valid argument, but Sue Ann would have to go back to the
Trial Court and prove the elements of the claim.
So she could get continuing
support if she can prove unjust
enrichment.
Sue Ann argued (and the
Court agreed) that under property law, when there is a dissolution of a
contract where property is involved, partition is the proper remedy.
So she gets half of the
property accumulated during the relationship.
Basically this case says that
for equity's sake you have to step in when a non-marriage dissolves,
otherwise there is likely to be an injustice.
Compare to Hewitt,which
found that giving non-married couples marital rights would make getting
married pointless. Therefore it would be against public policy to
recognize such a common law marriage.