People v. Unger
6 Ill.2d 333, 362 N.E.2d 319 (1977)
Unger was incarcerated in a
minimum security prison. He claimed that he was repeatedly assaulted by
several other inmates who threatened him with death. In order to escape
the abuse, Unger escaped from prison.
Unger never reported the
abuse to prison authorities.
Two days later he was caught
and charged with escape.
The Trial Court convicted
Unger of escape.
The jury was instructed that
they were not to consider any reasons, justifications, or excuses for the
escape.
The Appellate Court overturned
the conviction and remanded for a new trial. The prosecution appealed.
The Illinois Supreme Court
affirmed.
The Illinois Supreme Court
found that Unger should have been allowed to argue the defense of
necessity (aka choice of
evils).
The Court found that there
was reason to find Unger guilty, since he didn't try to report his
problems to the jailers and he didn't turn himself in once the danger had
passed. However, that was a question of fact of a jury to decide. So
the case was remanded.
Basically, conduct which would
otherwise be an offense is justifiable by reason of necessity if the
accused was without blame in occasioning or developing the situation and
reasonably believed such conduct was necessary to avoid public or private
injury greater than the injury which might reasonably result from his own
conduct.
Model Penal Code §3.02 allows for the defense of necessity,
but notes that when weighing the evils in a prison escape, the harm sought
to be prevented by the law defining the offense should be viewed broadly.
For example, the courts
should consider whether allowing the prison to be found innocent will
encourage unjustified escapes.